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RMS Transvaal Castle
RMS ''Transvaal Castle'' was a British ocean liner built by John Brown & Company at Clydebank for the Union-Castle Line for their mail service between Southampton and Durban. In 1966 she was sold to the South Africa-based Safmarine and renamed ''S.A. Vaal'' for further service on the same route. Following cessation of the service between the UK and South Africa in 1977 the ship was sold to Carnival Cruise Lines and rebuilt in Japan as the cruise ship SS ''Festivale'', re-entering service in 1978. In 1996 she was sold to Dolphin Cruise Line and renamed ''IslandBreeze''. The vessel spent some of her time under Dolphin Cruise Line ownership on charter to Thomson Cruises. In 1998 the ship was sold to Premier Cruise Line and renamed SS ''Big Red Boat III''. Following the bankruptcy of Premier Cruise Line 2000, ''Big Red Boat III'' was laid up until 2003 when she was sold to the scrappers in Alang, India.〔〔 The ship became ''The Big Red Boat'' for her final voyage to the scrapyard.〔
== Concept and construction ==
RMS ''Transvaal Castle'' was the last in a series of three ships planned by the Union-Castle Line in the 1950s as replacements for the company's oldest ships , and . The ''Transvaal Castle'' was preceded by the (delivered in 1958) and (delivered in 1960). ''Pendennis Castle'' was an enlarged ''Pretoria Castle'' from the same builder, Harland & Wolff, but after the Union-Castle/Clan Line merger of 1956, Clan Line management predominated and no further Union-Castle ships were ordered from the Belfast yard. ''Transvaal Castle'' was similar to but smaller than ''Windsor Castle'', built by Cammell, Laird & Co. the previous year. At , she was the company's second-largest ship.
''Transvaal Castle'' was launched at Clydebank on 17 January 1961 by Lady Cayzer, wife of the chairman of British & Commonwealth Shipping, and delivered to Union-Castle on 16 December 1961.〔 Like ''Windsor Castle'', she was fully air conditioned and was one of the first British built passenger ships to have a bulbous bow. However, the major difference between the new ship and her fleetmates was that she was conceived as an experimental "hotel" ship, with all passenger accommodation in one class rather than the first and tourist split of the other mail ships. This concept had been used in the three round Africa service ships of the ''Rhodesia Castle'' class built in 1951/2, but this was its first (and only) application to the mail fleet. A further innovation was the use of female waiting staff, known as "stewardettes". These were later to be a feature of the other ships in the mail fleet, but the one class concept was restricted to this one ship, the others remaining two class to the end of their service.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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